Decomoton may be available in the countries listed below.
In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.
Carbetocin is reported as an ingredient of Decomoton in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Bromazépam may be available in the countries listed below.
Bromazépam (DCF) is also known as Bromazepam (Rec.INN)
International Drug Name Search
Glossary
| DCF | Dénomination Commune Française |
| Rec.INN | Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization) |
Chinina Solfato Afom may be available in the countries listed below.
Quinine sulfate (a derivative of Quinine) is reported as an ingredient of Chinina Solfato Afom in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Diltiazem HCl Katwijk may be available in the countries listed below.
Diltiazem hydrochloride (a derivative of Diltiazem) is reported as an ingredient of Diltiazem HCl Katwijk in the following countries:
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In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.
Diethylcarbamazine citrate (a derivative of Diethylcarbamazine) is reported as an ingredient of DEC in the following countries:
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Generic Name: Fluconazole
Class: Azoles
VA Class: AM700
Chemical Name: α-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-α-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol
CAS Number: 86386-73-4
Special Alerts:
[Posted 08/03/2011] ISSUE: FDA is informing the public that treatment with chronic, high doses (400-800mg/day) of fluconazole (Diflucan) during the first trimester of pregnancy may be associated with a rare and distinct set of birth defects in infants. This risk does not appear to be associated with a single, low dose of fluconazole 150mg to treat vaginal yeast infection (candidiasis). Based on this information, the pregnancy category for fluconazole indications (other than vaginal candidiasis) has been changed from category C to category D. The pregnancy category for a single, low dose of fluconazole has not changed and remains category C.
BACKGROUND: Fluconazole is used to treat yeast infections of the vagina, mouth, throat, esophagus and other organs. It is also used to prevent yeast infections in patients who are likely to become infected because they are being treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy before bone marrow transplant. Fluconazole is also used to treat meningitis caused by a certain type of fungus. Pregnancy category D means there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on human data but the potential benefits from use of the drug in pregnant women with serious or life-threatening conditions may be acceptable despite its risks.
RECOMMENDATION: Healthcare professionals should counsel patients if the drug is used during pregnancy or if a patient becomes pregnant while taking the drug. Patients should notify their healthcare professionals if they are or become pregnant while taking fluconazole. If a patient uses fluconazole during pregnancy, the patient should be informed of the potential risk to the fetus. For more information visit the FDA website at: and .
Antifungal; azole (triazole derivative).1 5 51 68 84 124
Pending revision, the material in this section should be considered in light of more recently available information in the MedWatch notification at the beginning of this monograph.
Has been used in the treatment of pneumonia or other respiratory tract infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus†, A. niger†, or A. terreus†,3 37 64 124 138 139 but has produced variable results and low efficacy rates.3 37 64 124 138 139
IDSA considers voriconazole the drug of choice for primary treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in most patients and IV amphotericin B the preferred alternative.423 436 For salvage therapy in patients refractory to or intolerant of primary antifungal therapy, IDSA recommends amphotericin B, caspofungin, micafungin, posaconazole, or itraconazole.423 IDSA states that fluconazole is not considered active against invasive aspergillosis.423
Treatment of blastomycosis† caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis.146 286 287 288 289 290 291 436
Drugs of choice are IV amphotericin B and oral itraconazole.289 290 292 296 315 316 424 436 Although oral fluconazole and oral ketoconazole are considered alternatives,436 424 these drugs may be less effective and should be used only when the drugs of choice are contraindicated or cannot be used.436 424
Azole antifungals should not be relied on for initial treatment of CNS blastomycosis.424 Treatment failures have been reported when an oral antifungal (e.g., ketoconazole) was used in the treatment of cutaneous or pulmonary blastomycosis in patients who had asymptomatic or subclinical CNS involvement at the time of initial diagnosis.293 294
IDSA states that long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis) with oral itraconazole may be required to prevent relapse or recurrence of blastomycosis in immunocompromised patients and in other patients who experience relapse despite appropriate therapy.424 Such prophylaxis is not addressed in current CDC, NIH, and IDSA guidelines for prevention of opportunistic infections in individuals infected with HIV.440 441
Treatment of candidemia,1 124 322 324 331 394 410 411 425 436 disseminated candidiasis,1 330 333 334 and other serious Candida infections, including urinary tract infections (symptomatic cystitis, pyelonephritis, fungus balls),1 37 49 61 64 94 425 436 peritonitis,1 36 47 61 64 68 94 436 meningitis,407 409 425 osteomyelitis or septic arthritis,425 endophthalmitis,425 cardiovascular infections,1 37 64 94 405 425 or pneumonia.1 37 64 94
A drug of choice for many Candida infections.326 425 436 However, fluconazole-resistant C. albicans are being isolated with increasing frequency from patients who received prior fluconazole therapy (especially HIV-infected patients), and some Candida infections (e.g., candidemia) are increasingly caused by strains intrinsically resistant to fluconazole (e.g., C. krusei) or likely to have resistance or reduced susceptibility to the drug (e.g., C. glabrata).267 425
Choice of an antifungal for treatment of candidemia or invasive Candida infections should take into consideration any history of recent exposure to azole antifungals or intolerance to antifungals, local and/or institutional epidemiologic data regarding prevalence of the various Candida strains and their patterns of resistance, severity of illness, relevant comorbidities, presence and duration of neutropenia or immunosuppression, and evidence of involvement of the CNS, cardiac valves, and/or visceral organs.425
For treatment of candidemia in nonneutropenic patients or for empiric treatment of suspected invasive candidiasis† in nonneutropenic patients, IDSA recommends fluconazole or an echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) for initial therapy;425 amphotericin B is an alternative when these drugs have been ineffective or cannot be used because of intolerance or resistance.425 Initial therapy with an echinocandin is preferred in patients with moderately severe to severe infections and for those who recently received an azole antifungal or are likely to be infected with C. glabrata or C. krusei;425 consider transition from the echinocandin to fluconazole in clinically stable patients if strains susceptible to fluconazole (e.g., C. albicans) are likely.425 Fluconazole is the drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by C. parapsilosis in these patients.425
For treatment of candidemia in neutropenic patients, IDSA recommends an echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) or amphotericin B for initial therapy;425 fluconazole is a reasonable alternative in those who are less critically ill or have not recently received an azole;425 voriconazole can be used as an alternative when broader antifungal coverage is required.425 An echinocandin, amphotericin B, or voriconazole is recommended for C. krusei infections.425 An echinocandin is preferred for C. glabrata infections;425 fluconazole or amphotericin B is preferred for C. parapsilosis infections.425 For infections known to be caused by C. krusei, an echinocandin, amphotericin B, or voriconazole is recommended.425 For initial empiric treatment of suspected invasive candidiasis† in neutropenic patients, amphotericin B, caspofungin, or IV voriconazole is recommended;425 alternatives are fluconazole or itraconazole.425
Although IV amphotericin B usually is the drug of choice for treatment of disseminated candidiasis in neonates (neonatal candidiasis),146 425 IDSA states that fluconazole is a reasonable alternative.425 Fluconazole also has been used for prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of invasive candidiasis in low birthweight neonates† at high risk.425 471 472 473 474 475 (See Prevention of Fungal Infections in Transplant Recipients, Cancer Patients, or Other Patients at High Risk under Uses.)
For treatment of CNS candidiasis, IDSA recommends initial treatment with IV amphotericin B (with or without oral flucytosine) and follow-up treatment with fluconazole.425
Antifungal treatment not usually indicated in patients with asymptomatic candiduria, unless there is a high risk of disseminated candidiasis (e.g., neutropenic patients, low birthweight infants, patients who will undergo urologic manipulations).425 Fluconazole is the drug of choice for treatment of symptomatic cystitis, pyelonephritis, or fungus balls likely to be caused by fluconazole-susceptible Candida;425 IV amphotericin B and/or flucytosine is recommended when fluconazole-resistant Candida (e.g., C. glabrata, C. krusei) are likely.425
For treatment of endophthalmitis† caused by Candida, IDSA states that IV amphotericin B used in conjunction with flucytosine is the regimen of choice in patients with advancing lesions or lesions threatening the macula;425 fluconazole is an acceptable alternative for less severe endophthalmitis.425
Treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in immunocompromised adults with HIV infection, malignancy, or other serious underlying disease.39 40 41 92 95 124 335 336 337 400 402 404 406 425 425 436 440 441 A drug of choice.337 425 436 440 441
IDSA recommends topical treatment with clotrimazole lozenges or nystatin oral suspension for mild oropharyngeal candidiasis;425 oral fluconazole is recommended for moderate to severe disease.425 For refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis, including fluconazole-refractory infections, itraconazole oral solution, oral posaconazole, or oral voriconazole is recommended.425 An IV echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) or IV amphotericin B also are recommended as alternatives for refractory infections.425
For treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected adults and adolescents, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend oral fluconazole as the preferred drug of choice for initial episodes;440 other drugs of choice are clotrimazole lozenges or nystatin oral suspension.440 Alternatives for initial episodes are itraconazole oral solution or oral posaconazole.440 For fluconazole-refractory infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents, itraconazole oral solution or oral posaconazole is preferred;440 alternatives include IV amphotericin B, an IV echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), or oral or IV voriconazole.440
Although routine long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis)† to prevent relapse or recurrence is not usually recommended in patients adequately treated for oropharyngeal candidiasis, patients with frequent or severe recurrences, including HIV-infected adults, adolescents, or children, may benefit from secondary prophylaxis with oral fluconazole or oral posaconazole; however, consider the potential for azole resistance.425 440 441 Patients with fluconazole-refractory esophageal candidiasis who responded to treatment with an echinocandin should receive voriconazole or posaconazole for secondary prophylaxis until antiretroviral therapy produces immune reconstitution.440
Treatment of esophageal candidiasis.1 44 173 401 403 404 425 436 440 441
Esophageal candidiasis requires treatment with a systemic antifungal (not a topical antifungal).425 440
IDSA recommends oral fluconazole as the preferred drug of choice for treatment of esophageal candidiasis;425 if oral therapy is not tolerated, IV fluconazole, IV amphotericin B, or an IV echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) is recommended.425 For fluconazole-refractory infections, preferred alternatives are itraconazole oral solution, oral posaconazole, or oral or IV voriconazole;425 other alternatives are an IV echinocandin or IV amphotericin B.425
For treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV-infected adults and adolescents, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend oral or IV fluconazole as the preferred drug of choice and itraconazole oral solution as a preferred alternative.440 Other alternatives include an IV echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), oral or IV voriconazole, oral posaconazole, or IV amphotericin B.440 For refractory esophageal candidiasis, including fluconazole-refractory infections, in HIV-infected adults and adolescents, itraconazole oral solution or oral posaconazole is preferred;440 alternatives include IV amphotericin B, an IV echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), or oral or IV voriconazole.440
Although routine long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis)† to prevent relapse or recurrence is not usually recommended in patients adequately treated for oropharyngeal candidiasis, patients with frequent or severe recurrences, including HIV-infected adults, adolescents, or children, may benefit from secondary prophylaxis with oral fluconazole or itraconazole oral solution; however, consider the potential for azole resistance.425 440 441 Patients with fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis who responded to an echinocandin should receive voriconazole or posaconazole for secondary prophylaxis until antiretroviral therapy produces immune reconstitution.440
Treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis or complicated vulvovaginal candidiasis†.1 45 66 147 148 197 198 200 201 203 204 205 206 209 210 399 436 440 443 444
CDC and others recommend that uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (mild to moderate, sporadic or infrequent, most likely caused by C. albicans, occurring in immunocompetent women) be treated with an intravaginal azole antifungal (e.g., butoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, terconazole, tioconazole) or, alternatively, oral fluconazole given as a single dose.348 349 350 352 436 440 443 444 Single-dose oral fluconazole regimen offers some advantages over topical agents45 46 51 116 195 197 198 (e.g., ensures compliance, may reduce or eliminate concurrent rectal infections that can be source of reinfection),45 46 66 195 196 but may be associated with an increased risk of adverse effects.443
Optimum regimens for treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (usually defined as 4 or more episodes of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis in a year) not established.443 Although each individual episode caused by C. albicans may respond to single-dose oral fluconazole or short-course intravaginal antifungal therapy, a longer duration of initial therapy may be necessary to achieve mycologic remission and chronic maintenance therapy may be necessary to prevent relapse.443 CDC and other clinicians recommend an initial intensive regimen consisting of 7–14 days of an intravaginal azole antifungal or a multiple-dose regimen of oral fluconazole followed by a maintenance antifungal regimen.199 443
Treatment and prevention of coccidioidomycosis† caused by Coccidioides immitis or C. posadasii.54 97 115 125 146 220 298 299 300 426 436 440 441 464 465 466 A drug of choice.146 426 436 440 441 464
Used for treatment of coccidioidal pulmonary infections, meningitis, and disseminated (extrapulmonary) infections involving soft tissue or bone and joint.54 97 115 125 146 220 298 299 300 426 440 441 464 465 466
Antifungal treatment may not be necessary for mild, uncomplicated coccidioidal pneumonia since such infections may resolve spontaneously;146 426 treatment is recommended for patients with more severe or rapidly progressing infections, those with chronic pulmonary or disseminated infections, and immunocompromised or debilitated individuals (e.g., HIV-infected individuals, organ transplant recipients, those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, those with diabetes or cardiopulmonary disease).146 426 440 441
For initial treatment of symptomatic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis and chronic fibrocavitary or disseminated (extrapulmonary) coccidioidomycosis, IDSA states that an oral azole (fluconazole or itraconazole) usually is recommended.426 IV amphotericin B is recommended as an alternative and is preferred for initial treatment of severely ill patients who have hypoxia or rapidly progressing disease, for immunocompromised individuals, or when azole antifungals cannot be used (e.g., pregnant women).146 426
For treatment of clinically mild coccidioidomycosis (e.g., focal pneumonia or a positive coccidioidal serologic test alone) in HIV-infected adults or adolescents, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend oral fluconazole or oral itraconazole.440 For treatment of diffuse pulmonary infections or extrathoracic disseminated coccidioidomycosis (nonmeningeal) in HIV-infected adults and adolescents, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend initial therapy with IV amphotericin B followed by oral azole therapy.440 Alternatively, some experts recommend initial therapy with IV amphotericin B used in conjunction with an oral azole (e.g., fluconazole) followed by an oral azole alone.440
For treatment of diffuse pulmonary or disseminated coccidioidomycosis in HIV-infected infants and children, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend initial treatment with IV amphotericin B followed by oral fluconazole or oral itraconazole.441 In those with severe disseminated disease, some experts recommend initial therapy with IV amphotericin B used in conjunction with an oral azole (e.g., fluconazole) followed by an oral azole alone.441 Use of fluconazole or itraconazole alone may be sufficient for treatment of mild coccidioidomycosis in HIV-infected infants and children with only mild disease (e.g., focal pneumonia) and also can be considered an alternative for those with stable pulmonary or disseminated coccidioidomycosis (nonmeningeal).441
For treatment of coccidioidal meningitis in HIV-infected adults, adolescents, or children or for other individuals, fluconazole (with or without intrathecal amphotericin B) is considered the regimen of choice.146 426 440 441 Consultation with an expert is recommended.146 440 441
In HIV-infected adults and adolescents who live in areas where coccidioidomycosis is endemic, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend primary prophylaxis against coccidioidomycosis† in those who have positive IgM or IgG serologic tests and CD4+ T-cell counts <250/mm3 since these individuals may be at increased risk for development of active infections.440 Oral fluconazole or oral itraconazole should be used for primary prophylaxis against coccidioidomycosis in these HIV-infected adults and adolescents.440 Primary prophylaxis against coccidioidomycosis is not recommended in HIV-infected infants and children.441
HIV-infected adults, adolescents, or children who have been adequately treated for coccidioidomycosis should receive long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis) to prevent recurrence or relapse†.440 441 CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend oral fluconazole or oral itraconazole for secondary prophylaxis of coccidioidomycosis in HIV-infected individuals.440 441
Long-term (life-long) suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis)† with oral fluconazole or oral itraconazole also is necessary in any individual treated for coccidioidal meningitis.146 426 465
Treatment of meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans.1 28 29 30 31 32 33 93 118 146 303 304 305 306 310 311 427 436 440 441 Also used for treatment of pulmonary cryptococcosis†, cryptococcemia†, and disseminated cryptococcal infections†.57 135 136 309 427
For treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected adults, adolescents, and children, CDC, NIH, IDSA, and others state that the preferred regimen is initial (induction) therapy with IV amphotericin B (conventional formulation) given in conjunction with oral flucytosine for at least 2 weeks until there is evidence of clinical improvement and negative CSF culture after repeat lumbar puncture, then follow-up (consolidation) therapy with oral fluconazole administered for at least 8 weeks.146 427 436 440 441 A lipid formulation of amphotericin B (e.g., amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B liposomal) could be substituted for conventional amphotericin B in this preferred regimen in patients who have or are predisposed to renal dysfunction.427 440 441
Alternative regimens for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected adults, adolescents, and children who cannot receive the preferred regimen are induction and consolidation therapy with conventional IV amphotericin B or a lipid formulation of IV amphotericin B (e.g., amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B liposomal) given for 4–6 weeks; induction therapy with conventional IV amphotericin B given in conjunction with oral fluconazole for at least 2 weeks until there is evidence of clinical improvement and negative CSF culture after repeat lumbar puncture, then consolidation therapy with oral fluconazole administered for at least 8 weeks;146 427 440 441 induction and consolidation therapy with oral or IV fluconazole used in conjunction with oral flucytosine for 4–6 weeks;146 427 440 441 or induction and consolidation therapy with oral fluconazole given for 10–12 weeks.427 These alternative regimens may be less effective and are recommended only in patients who cannot tolerate or have not responded to the preferred regimen.427 440 441
For treatment of cryptococcal CNS infections in organ transplant recipients, IDSA recommends induction therapy with IV amphotericin B liposomal or amphotericin B lipid complex given in conjunction with oral flucytosine for at least 2 weeks, then consolidation therapy with oral fluconazole given for 8 weeks.427 If induction regimen does not include flucytosine, continue for at least 4–6 weeks.427 For organ transplant recipients with mild to moderate pulmonary cryptococcosis (without diffuse pulmonary infiltrates) or with other mild to moderate cryptococcal infections not involving the CNS, IDSA recommends fluconazole given for 6–12 months.427
In adults and children who do not have HIV infection and are not transplant recipients, the preferred regimen for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis is induction therapy with IV amphotericin B (conventional formulation) given in conjunction with oral flucytosine for at least 4 weeks (a 2-week induction period can be considered in those who are immunocompetent, are without uncontrolled underlying disease, and are at low risk for therapeutic failure), then consolidation therapy with oral fluconazole administered for an additional 8 weeks or longer.427 IDSA states that data are insufficient to date to recommend fluconazole used alone or in conjunction with flucytosine for induction therapy in non-HIV-infected individuals.427
For treatment of mild to moderate pulmonary cryptococcosis (nonmeningeal) in immunocompetent or immunosuppressed adults or children, IDSA states that the regimen of choice is oral fluconazole given for 6–12 months.427 A regimen of oral fluconazole given for 6–12 months also can be considered for treatment of nonmeningeal, nonpulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent individuals if the infection occurs at a single site and fungemia is not present.427 Severe pulmonary infections, cryptococcemia, and disseminated infections in immunocompetent or immunosuppressed individuals should be treated using regimens recommended for cryptococcal meningitis.427
HIV-infected adults, adolescents, and children who have been adequately treated for cryptococcal meningitis should receive long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis) to prevent recurrence or relapse†.427 440 441 CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend oral fluconazole as the drug of choice for secondary prophylaxis of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected individuals;427 440 441 oral itraconazole is considered an alternative in those who cannot tolerate fluconazole, but may be less effective than fluconazole.427 440 441 Conventional IV amphotericin B can be used for secondary prophylaxis if necessary in individuals who cannot receive azole antifungals, but is less effective and not generally recommended.427
Long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis)† with oral fluconazole also recommended in non-HIV-infected adults and children who have been adequately treated for cryptococcal meningitis, including organ transplant recipients who have been adequately treated for CNS cryptococcosis.427
Although data are limited, IDSA states that recommendations for treatment of CNS, pulmonary, or disseminated infections caused by Cryptococcus gattii and recommendations for secondary prophylaxis of C. gattii infections are the same as recommendations for C. neoformans infections.427 IDSA states that single, small cryptococcoma may be treated with oral fluconazole; induction therapy with a regimen of amphotericin B (conventional formulation) and flucytosine given for 4–6 weeks, followed by consolidation therapy with fluconazole given for 6–18 months, should be considered for very large or multiple cryptococcomas caused by C. gattii.427 Regimens that include amphotericin B (conventional or liposomal formulations), flucytosine, and fluconazole have been effective in a few patients with CNS infections known to be caused by C. gattii.450 451 480 Consider that there is some in vitro evidence that fluconazole may be less active against C. gattii than some other azole antifungals (e.g., itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole).449 450 (See Actions and Spectrum.)
Treatment of histoplasmosis† caused by Histoplasma capsulatum.312 313 315 436 Considered an alternative, not a drug of first choice.315 316 428 436
IV amphotericin B and oral itraconazole are the drugs of choice for treatment of histoplasmosis.146 315 316 428 436 440 441 Fluconazole is considered an alternative,315 316 428 436 but generally should be used only in patients who cannot tolerate the drugs of choice.436 Fluconazole has been used successfully in some patients, but may be less effective than itraconazole; fluconazole-resistant H. capsulatum have developed in some HIV-infected patients who failed to respond to the drug.428
Treatment of lymphocutaneous and cutaneous sporotrichosis† caused by Sporothrix schenckii.146 429 436 Considered an alternative, not a drug of first choice.146 429 436
IV amphotericin B is the drug of choice for initial treatment of severe, life-threatening sporotrichosis and whenever sporotrichosis is disseminated or has CNS involvement.146 429 436 Oral itraconazole is the drug of choice for treatment of cutaneous, lymphocutaneous, or mild pulmonary or osteoarticular sporotrichosis and for follow-up treatment of severe infections after a response has been obtained with IV amphotericin B.146 429 436
Although fluconazole can be used as an alternative for treatment of cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis,429 436 it may be less effective than itraconazole146 429 and should be used only if patient cannot tolerate itraconazole or other alternatives (oral terbinafine, oral potassium iodide, local hyperthermia).429
Do not use for treatment of pulmonary, osteoarticular, or meningeal sporotrichosis.429
Treatment of certain dermatophytoses† (e.g., tinea capitis,146 375 376 377 379 454 477 478 tinea corporis,146 373 374 378 478 tinea cruris,373 374 378 478 tinea pedis146 374 436 478 ) caused by Epidermophyton, Microsporum, or Trichophyton.
Tinea corporis and tinea cruris generally can be effectively treated using a topical antifungal; an oral antifungal may be necessary if the disease is extensive, dermatophyte folliculitis is present, the infection does not respond to topical therapy, or the patient is immunocompromised or has a coexisting disease.146 380 381 382 383 384 386 478 Tinea capitis and tinea barbae generally are treated using an oral antifungal.146 372 381 385 387 478
While topical antifungals usually are effective for treatment of uncomplicated tinea manuum and tinea pedis,146 381 382 384 386 419 478 an oral antifungal usually is necessary for treatment of severe, chronic, or recalcitrant tinea pedis and for treatment of chronic moccasin-type (dry-type) tinea pedis.381 384 386 419 478
Treatment of onychomycosis of toenails† or fingernails.140 176 417 420 421 436 455 458 476 479
Drug of choice for treatment of onychomycosis usually is oral terbinafine or oral itraconazole.436 455 456 457 458 477 478 Oral fluconazole is an alternative, especially in those who cannot tolerate the drugs of choice,436 455 458 but may be less effective.140 176 420 421 455 477 479 Concomitant use of oral and topical antifungals may be more effective in some patients.458 477 478 479
Oral fluconazole has been used in the treatment of pityriasis (tinea) versicolor† caused by Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare or P. ovale).146 459 460 461 462 477 478
Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor generally can be treated topically with an azole antifungal (e.g., clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, oxiconazole, sulconazole), an allylamine antifungal (e.g., naftifine, terbinafine), ciclopirox olamine, or certain other topical therapies (e.g., selenium sulfide 2.5%).146 459 463 An oral antifungal (e.g., fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole) may be indicated, with or without a topical agent, in patients who have extensive or severe infections or who fail to respond to or have frequent relapses with topical therapy.459 460 463 477 478
Prevention of Candida infections in patients at high risk, including those undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)†, or solid organ transplantation† and neutropenic patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy†.1 110 124 157 158 159 160 161 179 184 186
Viccillin S may be available in the countries listed below.
Ampicillin is reported as an ingredient of Viccillin S in the following countries:
Cloxacillin sodium salt (a derivative of Cloxacillin) is reported as an ingredient of Viccillin S in the following countries:
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Tasmacyclin Akne may be available in the countries listed below.
Doxycycline monohydrate (a derivative of Doxycycline) is reported as an ingredient of Tasmacyclin Akne in the following countries:
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Acide undécylénique may be available in the countries listed below.
Acide undécylénique (DCF) is known as Undecylenic Acid in the US.
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Glossary
| DCF | Dénomination Commune Française |
Eucalytux may be available in the countries listed below.
Codeine monohydrate (a derivative of Codeine) is reported as an ingredient of Eucalytux in the following countries:
Sulfogaiacol is reported as an ingredient of Eucalytux in the following countries:
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