Diamicron Uno

Diamicron Uno may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Diamicron Uno

Gliclazide

Gliclazide is reported as an ingredient of Diamicron Uno in the following countries:

• Denmark


• Germany

International Drug Name Search

Iver On

In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.

Ingredient matches for Iver On

Ivermectin

Ivermectin is reported as an ingredient of Iver On in the following countries:

• United States

International Drug Name Search

Cortisporin Cream

Cortisporin Cream is a brand name of hydrocortisone/neomycin/polymyxin b topical, approved by the FDA in the following formulation(s):

CORTISPORIN (hydrocortisone acetate; neomycin sulfate; polymyxin b sulfate - cream; topical)

• 
  Manufacturer: MONARCH PHARMS
  
  Approval date: August 9, 1985
  
  Strength(s): 0.5%;EQ 3.5MG BASE/GM;10,000 UNITS/GM ^[RLD]

Has a generic version of Cortisporin Cream been approved?

No. There is currently no therapeutically equivalent version of Cortisporin Cream available.

Note: Fraudulent online pharmacies may attempt to sell an illegal generic version of Cortisporin Cream. These medications may be counterfeit and potentially unsafe. If you purchase medications online, be sure you are buying from a reputable and valid online pharmacy. Ask your health care provider for advice if you are unsure about the online purchase of any medication.

See also: About generic drugs.

Related Patents

There are no current U.S. patents associated with Cortisporin Cream.

See also...

• Cortisporin Cream Consumer Information (Wolters Kluwer)
• Hydrocortisone/Neomycin/Polymyxin B Cream Consumer Information (Wolters Kluwer)

Deculin

Deculin may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Deculin

Pioglitazone

Pioglitazone hydrochloride (a derivative of Pioglitazone) is reported as an ingredient of Deculin in the following countries:

• Indonesia

International Drug Name Search

Dalfarol

Dalfarol may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dalfarol

Tocopherol, α-

Tocopherol, α- is reported as an ingredient of Dalfarol in the following countries:

• Indonesia

International Drug Name Search

Equimectrin

In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.

Ingredient matches for Equimectrin

Ivermectin

Ivermectin is reported as an ingredient of Equimectrin in the following countries:

• United States

International Drug Name Search

Bromocriptine Mesylate

Pronunciation: BROE-moe-KRIP-teen MES-i-late
Generic Name: Bromocriptine Mesylate
Brand Name: Cycloset

Bromocriptine Mesylate is used for:

Treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is used along with diet and exercise. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Bromocriptine Mesylate is a dopamine receptor agonist. Exactly how Bromocriptine Mesylate works to lower blood sugar is unknown.

Do NOT use Bromocriptine Mesylate if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Bromocriptine Mesylate or to ergot alkaloids


• you are breast-feeding


• you have fainting (syncopal) migraine headaches


• you are taking an antipsychotic (eg, clozapine, olanzapine, ziprasidone, haloperidol), efavirenz, an ergot alkaloid (eg, ergotamine), metoclopramide, a phenothizine (eg, chlorpromazine), a serotonin 5-HT₁ receptor agonist (eg, sumatriptan), or a thioxanthene (eg, thiothixene)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Bromocriptine Mesylate:

Some medical conditions may interact with Bromocriptine Mesylate. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have a history of low blood pressure, type 1 diabetes, high blood ketone or acid levels (eg, diabetic ketoacidosis), or kidney or liver problems


• if you have a history of mental illness (eg, psychotic disorder), migraine headaches, or if you have ever fainted

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Bromocriptine Mesylate. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Serotonin 5-HT₁ receptor agonists (eg, sumatriptan) or sympathomimetics (eg, albuterol, pseudoephedrine) because high blood pressure or fast heartbeat may occur


• Azole antifungals (eg, ketoconazole), efavirenz, ergot alkaloids (eg, ergotamine), HIV protease inhibitors (eg, ritonavir), macrolides (eg, erythromycin), medicine for high blood pressure, or telithromycin because they may increase the risk of Bromocriptine Mesylate's side effects


• Antipsychotics (eg, clozapine, olanzapine, ziprasidone , haloperidol), metoclopramide, phenothiazines (eg, chlorpromazine), or thioxanthenes (eg, thiothixene) because they may decrease Bromocriptine Mesylate's effectiveness


• Chloramphenicol, probenecid, salicylates (eg, aspirin), or sulfonamides (eg, glipizide) because the risk of their side effects may be increased by Bromocriptine Mesylate

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Bromocriptine Mesylate may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Bromocriptine Mesylate:

Use Bromocriptine Mesylate as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• An extra patient leaflet is available with Bromocriptine Mesylate. Talk to your pharmacist if you have questions about this information.


• Take Bromocriptine Mesylate by mouth with food within 2 hours after waking in the morning.


• Take Bromocriptine Mesylate on a regular schedule to get the most benefit from it.


• Bromocriptine Mesylate works best if it is taken at the same time each day.


• If you miss your morning dose of Bromocriptine Mesylate, wait until the next morning to take it. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Bromocriptine Mesylate.

Important safety information:

• Bromocriptine Mesylate may cause drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Bromocriptine Mesylate with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.


• Bromocriptine Mesylate may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting. This may be more likely to occur when you first start Bromocriptine Mesylate or if your dose increases; however, it may occur at any time while you are taking Bromocriptine Mesylate. Alcohol, hot weather, exercise, and fever may increase these effects. To prevent them, sit up or stand slowly, especially in the morning. Sit or lie down at the first sign of these effects.


• Do NOT take more than the recommended dose, take Bromocriptine Mesylate more often than prescribed, or suddenly stop taking Bromocriptine Mesylate without first checking with your doctor.


• Follow the diet and exercise program given to you by your health care provider.


• Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Bromocriptine Mesylate before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.


• Carry an ID card at all times that says you have diabetes. Check your blood sugar levels as directed by your doctor. If they are often higher than they should be and you take Bromocriptine Mesylate exactly as prescribed, tell your doctor.


• Bromocriptine Mesylate may cause low blood sugar. Low blood sugar may make you anxious, sweaty, weak, dizzy, drowsy, or faint. It may also make your heart beat faster; make your vision change; give you a headache, chills, or tremors; or increase hunger. It is a good idea to carry a reliable source of glucose (eg, tablets or gel) to treat low blood sugar. If this is not available, you should eat or drink a quick source of sugar like table sugar, honey, candy, orange juice, or non-diet soda. This will raise your blood sugar level quickly. Tell your doctor right away if this happens. To prevent low blood sugar, eat meals at the same time each day and do not skip meals.


• Fever, infection, injury, or surgery may increase your risk for high or low blood sugar levels. If any of these occur, check your blood sugar closely and tell your doctor right away.


• Lab tests, including blood sugar levels, hemoglobin A_1c, and blood pressure, may be performed to monitor your progress. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.


• Use Bromocriptine Mesylate with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects. Low blood sugar levels may also be more difficult to recognize in the elderly.


• Bromocriptine Mesylate should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.


• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of taking Bromocriptine Mesylate while you are pregnant. It is not known if Bromocriptine Mesylate is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Bromocriptine Mesylate.

Possible side effects of Bromocriptine Mesylate:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; headache; indigestion; lightheadedness; loss of appetite; nausea; stuffy or runny nose; vomiting; weakness.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); chest pain; fainting; mental or mood changes (eg, depression); one-sided weakness; severe or persistent dizziness or drowsiness; severe or persistent headache; shortness of breath; slurred speech or trouble speaking; stomach pain; sudden confusion; sudden loss of coordination; symptoms of low blood sugar (eg, fast heartbeat, increased hunger, chills, tremor, unusual sweating, unusual weakness); vision changes.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Bromocriptine Mesylate side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include confusion; delusions; general feeling of discomfort; hallucinations; increased sweating; pale skin; repetitive yawning; severe dizziness; sluggishness; tiredness; vomiting.

Proper storage of Bromocriptine Mesylate:

Store Bromocriptine Mesylate at or below 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Bromocriptine Mesylate out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Bromocriptine Mesylate, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Bromocriptine Mesylate is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Bromocriptine Mesylate. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Bromocriptine Mesylate resources

• Bromocriptine Mesylate Side Effects (in more detail)
• Bromocriptine Mesylate Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Bromocriptine Mesylate Drug Interactions
• Bromocriptine Mesylate Support Group
• 6 Reviews for Bromocriptine Mesylate - Add your own review/rating

• Bromocriptine Mesylate Monograph (AHFS DI)


• bromocriptine Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Bromocriptine Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Cycloset Consumer Overview


• Cycloset Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Parlodel Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare Bromocriptine Mesylate with other medications

• Acromegaly
• Diabetes, Type 2
• Hyperprolactinemia
• Parkinson's Disease
• Tardive Dyskinesia

Pratifar

Pratifar may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Pratifar

Famotidine

Famotidine is reported as an ingredient of Pratifar in the following countries:

• Indonesia

International Drug Name Search

Ferrologic

Ferrologic may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Ferrologic

Iron Sucrose

Iron Sucrose is reported as an ingredient of Ferrologic in the following countries:

• Slovakia

International Drug Name Search

Kertyol

Kertyol may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Kertyol

Salicylic Acid

Salicylic Acid is reported as an ingredient of Kertyol in the following countries:

• Taiwan

International Drug Name Search

Dynacin

Generic Name: minocycline (mye no SYE kleen)

Brand Names: Dynacin, Minocin, Minocin PAC, Myrac, Solodyn

What is Dynacin (minocycline)?

Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body.

Minocycline is used to treat many different bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, skin infections, severe acne, gonorrhea, tick fever, chlamydia, and others.

Minocycline may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Dynacin (minocycline)?

Do not use this medicine if you are pregnant. It could harm the unborn baby or cause permanent tooth discoloration later in life.

Minocycline can make birth control pills less effective. Ask your doctor about using a non hormone method of birth control (such as a condom, diaphragm, spermicide) to prevent pregnancy while using minocycline.

Minocycline passes into breast milk and may affect bone and tooth development in a nursing baby. Do not take this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Children should not take minocycline. Minocycline can cause permanent yellowing or graying of the teeth in children younger than 8 years old. Avoid exposure to sunlight or tanning beds. Minocycline can make you sunburn more easily. Wear protective clothing and use sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) when you are outdoors.

Do not take iron supplements, multivitamins, calcium supplements, antacids, or laxatives within 2 hours before or after taking minocycline. These products can make minocycline less effective.

Take this medication for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date on the label has passed. Using expired minocycline can cause damage to your kidneys.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Dynacin (minocycline)?

You should not take this medicine if you are allergic to minocycline or to other tetracycline antibiotics such as demeclocycline (Declomycin), doxycycline (Adoxa, Doryx, Oracea, Vibramycin), or tetracycline (Brodspec, Panmycin, Sumycin, Tetracap).

To make sure you can safely take minocycline, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:

• 
  

  liver disease;

  
  


• 
  

  kidney disease;

  
  


• 
  

  asthma or sulfite allergy; or

  
  


• 
  

  if you are also using a penicillin antibiotic such as amoxicillin (Amoxil, Augmentin, Dispermox, Moxatag), ampicillin (Principen, Unasyn), dicloxacillin (Dycill, Dynapen), oxacillin (Bactocill), or penicillin (Bicillin L-A, PC Pen VK, Pfizerpen).

  
  

If you are using minocycline to treat gonorrhea, your doctor may test you to make sure you do not also have syphilis, another sexually transmitted disease.

FDA pregnancy category D. Do not use minocycline if you are pregnant. It could harm the unborn baby or cause permanent tooth discoloration later in life. Tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant during treatment.

Minocycline can make birth control pills less effective. Ask your doctor about using a non hormone method of birth control (such as a condom, diaphragm, spermicide) to prevent pregnancy while using minocycline.

Minocycline passes into breast milk and may affect bone and tooth development in a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while you are taking minocycline. Children should not use minocycline. Minocycline can cause permanent yellowing or graying of the teeth in children younger than 8 years old.

How should I take Dynacin (minocycline)?

Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Take this medicine with a full glass (8 ounces) of water.

Most brands of minocycline may be taken with or without food.

Take Minocin (pellet-filled capsules) on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. Do not crush, chew, or break an extended-release tablet. Swallow it whole. Breaking the pill may cause too much of the drug to be released at one time. Take this medication for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Minocycline will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.

To be sure this medicine is not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested often. Your kidney, liver, or thyroid function may also need to be tested. Visit your doctor regularly.

If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using minocycline. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time.

Minocycline can cause false results with certain urine tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using this medication.

Store this medication at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Throw away any unused minocycline when it expires or when it is no longer needed. Do not take any minocycline after the expiration date printed on the label. Using expired minocycline can cause damage to your kidneys.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

What should I avoid while taking Dynacin (minocycline)?

Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or bloody, stop taking minocycline and call your doctor. Do not use anti-diarrhea medicine unless your doctor tells you to.

Avoid exposure to sunlight or tanning beds. Minocycline can make you sunburn more easily. Wear protective clothing and use sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) when you are outdoors.

Do not take iron supplements, multivitamins, calcium supplements, antacids, or laxatives within 2 hours before or after taking minocycline.

This medication may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert.

Dynacin (minocycline) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

• 
  

  stomach cramps, diarrhea that is watery or bloody;

  
  


• 
  

  flu symptoms, sores in your mouth and throat;

  
  


• 
  

  pale or yellowed skin, weakness, dark colored urine, unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum), purple or red pinpoint spots under your skin;

  
  


• 
  

  fever, skin rash, bruising, severe tingling or numbness, muscle weakness,

  
  


• 
  

  upper stomach pain, loss of appetite, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);

  
  


• 
  

  chest pain, irregular heart rhythm, cough, wheezing, feeling short of breath;

  
  


• 
  

  confusion, vomiting, swelling, weight gain, urinating less than usual or not at all;

  
  


• 
  

  headache or pain behind your eyes, ringing in your ears, vision problems;

  
  


• 
  

  joint pain or swelling with fever, swollen glands, muscle aches, general ill feeling, unusual thoughts or behavior, and/or seizure (convulsions); or

  
  


• 
  

  severe skin reaction -- fever, sore throat, swelling in your face or tongue, burning in your eyes, skin pain, followed by a red or purple skin rash that spreads (especially in the face or upper body) and causes blistering and peeling.

  
  

Less serious side effects may include:

• 
  

  dizziness, tired feeling, spinning sensation;

  
  


• 
  

  joint or muscle pain;

  
  


• 
  

  discoloration of you skin or nails;

  
  


• 
  

  mild nausea, mild diarrhea, upset stomach;

  
  


• 
  

  mild skin rash or itching;

  
  


• 
  

  swollen tongue, discoloration of your gums; or

  
  


• 
  

  vaginal itching or discharge.

  
  

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Dynacin (minocycline)?

Tell your doctor about all other medicines you use, especially:

• 
  

  other antibiotics;

  
  


• 
  

  acetaminophen (Tylenol);

  
  


• 
  

  isotretinoin (Accutane, Amnesteem, Claravis, Sotret);

  
  


• 
  

  methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall);

  
  


• 
  

  antifungal medicine such as itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Extina, Ketozole, Nizoral, Xolegal), miconazole (Oravig), or voriconazole (Vfend);

  
  


• 
  

  a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven);

  
  


• 
  

  cholesterol medications such as niacin (Advicor, Niaspan, Niacor, Simcor, Slo Niacin, and others), atorvastatin (Lipitor, Caduet), fluvastatin (Lescol), lovastatin (Mevacor, Altoprev, Advicor), pravastatin (Pravachol), rosuvastatin (Crestor), or simvastatin (Zocor, Simcor, Vytorin);

  
  


• 
  

  heart or blood pressure medicine such as benazepril (Lotensin), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), quinapril (Accupril), ramipril (Altace), and others;

  
  


• 
  

  migraine headache medicine such as ergotamine (Ergomar, Cafergot, Migergot), dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal), or methylergonovine (Methergine); or

  
  


• 
  

  an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn, Naprelan, Treximet), celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren), indomethacin (Indocin), meloxicam (Mobic), and others.

  
  

This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with minocycline. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Dynacin resources

• Dynacin Side Effects (in more detail)
• Dynacin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Dynacin Drug Interactions
• Dynacin Support Group
• 1 Review for Dynacin - Add your own review/rating

• Dynacin Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Dynacin MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• minocycline Subgingival Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Minocycline Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• Minocycline Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Minocin MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Minocin Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Minocycline Hydrochloride Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Solodyn Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Solodyn Extended-Release Tablets MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Solodyn Consumer Overview

Compare Dynacin with other medications

• Acne
• Actinomycosis
• Bacterial Infection
• Bullous Pemphigoid
• Meningitis, Meningococcal
• Ocular Rosacea
• Pemphigoid
• Pemphigus
• Rosacea
• Skin and Structure Infection
• Skin Infection

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist can provide more information about minocycline.

See also: Dynacin side effects (in more detail)

Demarin

Demarin may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Demarin

Oxaprozin

Oxaprozin is reported as an ingredient of Demarin in the following countries:

• Bangladesh

International Drug Name Search

Ketonic

Ketonic may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Ketonic

Ketorolac

Ketorolac tromethamine (a derivative of Ketorolac) is reported as an ingredient of Ketonic in the following countries:

• India

International Drug Name Search

Decomoton

Decomoton may be available in the countries listed below.

In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.

Ingredient matches for Decomoton

Carbetocin

Carbetocin is reported as an ingredient of Decomoton in the following countries:

• Poland

International Drug Name Search

Bromazépam

Bromazépam may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Bromazépam

Bromazepam

Bromazépam (DCF) is also known as Bromazepam (Rec.INN)

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

DCF	Dénomination Commune Française
Rec.INN	Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Chinina Solfato Afom

Chinina Solfato Afom may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Chinina Solfato Afom

Quinine

Quinine sulfate (a derivative of Quinine) is reported as an ingredient of Chinina Solfato Afom in the following countries:

• Italy

International Drug Name Search

Diltiazem HCl Katwijk

Diltiazem HCl Katwijk may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Diltiazem HCl Katwijk

Diltiazem

Diltiazem hydrochloride (a derivative of Diltiazem) is reported as an ingredient of Diltiazem HCl Katwijk in the following countries:

• Netherlands

International Drug Name Search

DEC

In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.

Ingredient matches for DEC

Diethylcarbamazine

Diethylcarbamazine citrate (a derivative of Diethylcarbamazine) is reported as an ingredient of DEC in the following countries:

• United States

International Drug Name Search

Diflucan

Generic Name: Fluconazole
Class: Azoles
VA Class: AM700
Chemical Name: α-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-α-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol
CAS Number: 86386-73-4

Special Alerts:

[Posted 08/03/2011] ISSUE: FDA is informing the public that treatment with chronic, high doses (400-800mg/day) of fluconazole (Diflucan) during the first trimester of pregnancy may be associated with a rare and distinct set of birth defects in infants. This risk does not appear to be associated with a single, low dose of fluconazole 150mg to treat vaginal yeast infection (candidiasis). Based on this information, the pregnancy category for fluconazole indications (other than vaginal candidiasis) has been changed from category C to category D. The pregnancy category for a single, low dose of fluconazole has not changed and remains category C.

BACKGROUND: Fluconazole is used to treat yeast infections of the vagina, mouth, throat, esophagus and other organs. It is also used to prevent yeast infections in patients who are likely to become infected because they are being treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy before bone marrow transplant. Fluconazole is also used to treat meningitis caused by a certain type of fungus. Pregnancy category D means there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on human data but the potential benefits from use of the drug in pregnant women with serious or life-threatening conditions may be acceptable despite its risks.

RECOMMENDATION: Healthcare professionals should counsel patients if the drug is used during pregnancy or if a patient becomes pregnant while taking the drug. Patients should notify their healthcare professionals if they are or become pregnant while taking fluconazole. If a patient uses fluconazole during pregnancy, the patient should be informed of the potential risk to the fetus. For more information visit the FDA website at: and .

Introduction

Antifungal; azole (triazole derivative).^{1 5 51 68 84 124}

Uses for Diflucan

Pending revision, the material in this section should be considered in light of more recently available information in the MedWatch notification at the beginning of this monograph.

Aspergillosis

Has been used in the treatment of pneumonia or other respiratory tract infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus†, A. niger†, or A. terreus†,^{3 37 64 124 138 139} but has produced variable results and low efficacy rates.^{3 37 64 124 138 139}

IDSA considers voriconazole the drug of choice for primary treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in most patients and IV amphotericin B the preferred alternative.^{423 436} For salvage therapy in patients refractory to or intolerant of primary antifungal therapy, IDSA recommends amphotericin B, caspofungin, micafungin, posaconazole, or itraconazole.⁴²³ IDSA states that fluconazole is not considered active against invasive aspergillosis.⁴²³

Blastomycosis

Treatment of blastomycosis† caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis.^{146 286 287 288 289 290 291 436}

Drugs of choice are IV amphotericin B and oral itraconazole.^{289 290 292 296 315 316 424 436} Although oral fluconazole and oral ketoconazole are considered alternatives,^{436 424} these drugs may be less effective and should be used only when the drugs of choice are contraindicated or cannot be used.^{436 424}

Azole antifungals should not be relied on for initial treatment of CNS blastomycosis.⁴²⁴ Treatment failures have been reported when an oral antifungal (e.g., ketoconazole) was used in the treatment of cutaneous or pulmonary blastomycosis in patients who had asymptomatic or subclinical CNS involvement at the time of initial diagnosis.^{293 294}

IDSA states that long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis) with oral itraconazole may be required to prevent relapse or recurrence of blastomycosis in immunocompromised patients and in other patients who experience relapse despite appropriate therapy.⁴²⁴ Such prophylaxis is not addressed in current CDC, NIH, and IDSA guidelines for prevention of opportunistic infections in individuals infected with HIV.^{440 441}

Candidemia and Disseminated Candida Infections

Treatment of candidemia,^{1 124 322 324 331 394 410 411 425 436} disseminated candidiasis,^{1 330 333 334} and other serious Candida infections, including urinary tract infections (symptomatic cystitis, pyelonephritis, fungus balls),^{1 37 49 61 64 94 425 436} peritonitis,^{1 36 47 61 64 68 94 436} meningitis,^{407 409 425} osteomyelitis or septic arthritis,⁴²⁵ endophthalmitis,⁴²⁵ cardiovascular infections,^{1 37 64 94 405 425} or pneumonia.^{1 37 64 94}

A drug of choice for many Candida infections.^{326 425 436} However, fluconazole-resistant C. albicans are being isolated with increasing frequency from patients who received prior fluconazole therapy (especially HIV-infected patients), and some Candida infections (e.g., candidemia) are increasingly caused by strains intrinsically resistant to fluconazole (e.g., C. krusei) or likely to have resistance or reduced susceptibility to the drug (e.g., C. glabrata).^{267 425}

Choice of an antifungal for treatment of candidemia or invasive Candida infections should take into consideration any history of recent exposure to azole antifungals or intolerance to antifungals, local and/or institutional epidemiologic data regarding prevalence of the various Candida strains and their patterns of resistance, severity of illness, relevant comorbidities, presence and duration of neutropenia or immunosuppression, and evidence of involvement of the CNS, cardiac valves, and/or visceral organs.⁴²⁵

For treatment of candidemia in nonneutropenic patients or for empiric treatment of suspected invasive candidiasis† in nonneutropenic patients, IDSA recommends fluconazole or an echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) for initial therapy;⁴²⁵ amphotericin B is an alternative when these drugs have been ineffective or cannot be used because of intolerance or resistance.⁴²⁵ Initial therapy with an echinocandin is preferred in patients with moderately severe to severe infections and for those who recently received an azole antifungal or are likely to be infected with C. glabrata or C. krusei;⁴²⁵ consider transition from the echinocandin to fluconazole in clinically stable patients if strains susceptible to fluconazole (e.g., C. albicans) are likely.⁴²⁵ Fluconazole is the drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by C. parapsilosis in these patients.⁴²⁵

For treatment of candidemia in neutropenic patients, IDSA recommends an echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) or amphotericin B for initial therapy;⁴²⁵ fluconazole is a reasonable alternative in those who are less critically ill or have not recently received an azole;⁴²⁵ voriconazole can be used as an alternative when broader antifungal coverage is required.⁴²⁵ An echinocandin, amphotericin B, or voriconazole is recommended for C. krusei infections.⁴²⁵ An echinocandin is preferred for C. glabrata infections;⁴²⁵ fluconazole or amphotericin B is preferred for C. parapsilosis infections.⁴²⁵ For infections known to be caused by C. krusei, an echinocandin, amphotericin B, or voriconazole is recommended.⁴²⁵ For initial empiric treatment of suspected invasive candidiasis† in neutropenic patients, amphotericin B, caspofungin, or IV voriconazole is recommended;⁴²⁵ alternatives are fluconazole or itraconazole.⁴²⁵

Although IV amphotericin B usually is the drug of choice for treatment of disseminated candidiasis in neonates (neonatal candidiasis),^{146 425} IDSA states that fluconazole is a reasonable alternative.⁴²⁵ Fluconazole also has been used for prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of invasive candidiasis in low birthweight neonates† at high risk.^{425 471 472 473 474 475} (See Prevention of Fungal Infections in Transplant Recipients, Cancer Patients, or Other Patients at High Risk under Uses.)

For treatment of CNS candidiasis, IDSA recommends initial treatment with IV amphotericin B (with or without oral flucytosine) and follow-up treatment with fluconazole.⁴²⁵

Antifungal treatment not usually indicated in patients with asymptomatic candiduria, unless there is a high risk of disseminated candidiasis (e.g., neutropenic patients, low birthweight infants, patients who will undergo urologic manipulations).⁴²⁵ Fluconazole is the drug of choice for treatment of symptomatic cystitis, pyelonephritis, or fungus balls likely to be caused by fluconazole-susceptible Candida;⁴²⁵ IV amphotericin B and/or flucytosine is recommended when fluconazole-resistant Candida (e.g., C. glabrata, C. krusei) are likely.⁴²⁵

For treatment of endophthalmitis† caused by Candida, IDSA states that IV amphotericin B used in conjunction with flucytosine is the regimen of choice in patients with advancing lesions or lesions threatening the macula;⁴²⁵ fluconazole is an acceptable alternative for less severe endophthalmitis.⁴²⁵

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

Treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in immunocompromised adults with HIV infection, malignancy, or other serious underlying disease.^{39 40 41 92 95 124 335 336 337 400 402 404 406 425 425 436 440 441} A drug of choice.^{337 425 436 440 441}

IDSA recommends topical treatment with clotrimazole lozenges or nystatin oral suspension for mild oropharyngeal candidiasis;⁴²⁵ oral fluconazole is recommended for moderate to severe disease.⁴²⁵ For refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis, including fluconazole-refractory infections, itraconazole oral solution, oral posaconazole, or oral voriconazole is recommended.⁴²⁵ An IV echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) or IV amphotericin B also are recommended as alternatives for refractory infections.⁴²⁵

For treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected adults and adolescents, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend oral fluconazole as the preferred drug of choice for initial episodes;⁴⁴⁰ other drugs of choice are clotrimazole lozenges or nystatin oral suspension.⁴⁴⁰ Alternatives for initial episodes are itraconazole oral solution or oral posaconazole.⁴⁴⁰ For fluconazole-refractory infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents, itraconazole oral solution or oral posaconazole is preferred;⁴⁴⁰ alternatives include IV amphotericin B, an IV echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), or oral or IV voriconazole.⁴⁴⁰

Although routine long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis)† to prevent relapse or recurrence is not usually recommended in patients adequately treated for oropharyngeal candidiasis, patients with frequent or severe recurrences, including HIV-infected adults, adolescents, or children, may benefit from secondary prophylaxis with oral fluconazole or oral posaconazole; however, consider the potential for azole resistance.^{425 440 441} Patients with fluconazole-refractory esophageal candidiasis who responded to treatment with an echinocandin should receive voriconazole or posaconazole for secondary prophylaxis until antiretroviral therapy produces immune reconstitution.⁴⁴⁰

Esophageal Candidiasis

Treatment of esophageal candidiasis.^{1 44 173 401 403 404 425 436 440 441}

Esophageal candidiasis requires treatment with a systemic antifungal (not a topical antifungal).^{425 440}

IDSA recommends oral fluconazole as the preferred drug of choice for treatment of esophageal candidiasis;⁴²⁵ if oral therapy is not tolerated, IV fluconazole, IV amphotericin B, or an IV echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) is recommended.⁴²⁵ For fluconazole-refractory infections, preferred alternatives are itraconazole oral solution, oral posaconazole, or oral or IV voriconazole;⁴²⁵ other alternatives are an IV echinocandin or IV amphotericin B.⁴²⁵

For treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV-infected adults and adolescents, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend oral or IV fluconazole as the preferred drug of choice and itraconazole oral solution as a preferred alternative.⁴⁴⁰ Other alternatives include an IV echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), oral or IV voriconazole, oral posaconazole, or IV amphotericin B.⁴⁴⁰ For refractory esophageal candidiasis, including fluconazole-refractory infections, in HIV-infected adults and adolescents, itraconazole oral solution or oral posaconazole is preferred;⁴⁴⁰ alternatives include IV amphotericin B, an IV echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), or oral or IV voriconazole.⁴⁴⁰

Although routine long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis)† to prevent relapse or recurrence is not usually recommended in patients adequately treated for oropharyngeal candidiasis, patients with frequent or severe recurrences, including HIV-infected adults, adolescents, or children, may benefit from secondary prophylaxis with oral fluconazole or itraconazole oral solution; however, consider the potential for azole resistance.^{425 440 441} Patients with fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis who responded to an echinocandin should receive voriconazole or posaconazole for secondary prophylaxis until antiretroviral therapy produces immune reconstitution.⁴⁴⁰

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis or complicated vulvovaginal candidiasis†.^{1 45 66 147 148 197 198 200 201 203 204 205 206 209 210 399 436 440 443 444}

CDC and others recommend that uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (mild to moderate, sporadic or infrequent, most likely caused by C. albicans, occurring in immunocompetent women) be treated with an intravaginal azole antifungal (e.g., butoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, terconazole, tioconazole) or, alternatively, oral fluconazole given as a single dose.^{348 349 350 352 436 440 443 444} Single-dose oral fluconazole regimen offers some advantages over topical agents^{45 46 51 116 195 197 198} (e.g., ensures compliance, may reduce or eliminate concurrent rectal infections that can be source of reinfection),^{45 46 66 195 196} but may be associated with an increased risk of adverse effects.⁴⁴³

Optimum regimens for treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (usually defined as 4 or more episodes of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis in a year) not established.⁴⁴³ Although each individual episode caused by C. albicans may respond to single-dose oral fluconazole or short-course intravaginal antifungal therapy, a longer duration of initial therapy may be necessary to achieve mycologic remission and chronic maintenance therapy may be necessary to prevent relapse.⁴⁴³ CDC and other clinicians recommend an initial intensive regimen consisting of 7–14 days of an intravaginal azole antifungal or a multiple-dose regimen of oral fluconazole followed by a maintenance antifungal regimen.^{199 443}

Coccidioidomycosis

Treatment and prevention of coccidioidomycosis† caused by Coccidioides immitis or C. posadasii.^{54 97 115 125 146 220 298 299 300 426 436 440 441 464 465 466} A drug of choice.^{146 426 436 440 441 464}

Used for treatment of coccidioidal pulmonary infections, meningitis, and disseminated (extrapulmonary) infections involving soft tissue or bone and joint.^{54 97 115 125 146 220 298 299 300 426 440 441 464 465 466}

Antifungal treatment may not be necessary for mild, uncomplicated coccidioidal pneumonia since such infections may resolve spontaneously;^{146 426} treatment is recommended for patients with more severe or rapidly progressing infections, those with chronic pulmonary or disseminated infections, and immunocompromised or debilitated individuals (e.g., HIV-infected individuals, organ transplant recipients, those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, those with diabetes or cardiopulmonary disease).^{146 426 440 441}

For initial treatment of symptomatic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis and chronic fibrocavitary or disseminated (extrapulmonary) coccidioidomycosis, IDSA states that an oral azole (fluconazole or itraconazole) usually is recommended.⁴²⁶ IV amphotericin B is recommended as an alternative and is preferred for initial treatment of severely ill patients who have hypoxia or rapidly progressing disease, for immunocompromised individuals, or when azole antifungals cannot be used (e.g., pregnant women).^{146 426}

For treatment of clinically mild coccidioidomycosis (e.g., focal pneumonia or a positive coccidioidal serologic test alone) in HIV-infected adults or adolescents, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend oral fluconazole or oral itraconazole.⁴⁴⁰ For treatment of diffuse pulmonary infections or extrathoracic disseminated coccidioidomycosis (nonmeningeal) in HIV-infected adults and adolescents, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend initial therapy with IV amphotericin B followed by oral azole therapy.⁴⁴⁰ Alternatively, some experts recommend initial therapy with IV amphotericin B used in conjunction with an oral azole (e.g., fluconazole) followed by an oral azole alone.⁴⁴⁰

For treatment of diffuse pulmonary or disseminated coccidioidomycosis in HIV-infected infants and children, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend initial treatment with IV amphotericin B followed by oral fluconazole or oral itraconazole.⁴⁴¹ In those with severe disseminated disease, some experts recommend initial therapy with IV amphotericin B used in conjunction with an oral azole (e.g., fluconazole) followed by an oral azole alone.⁴⁴¹ Use of fluconazole or itraconazole alone may be sufficient for treatment of mild coccidioidomycosis in HIV-infected infants and children with only mild disease (e.g., focal pneumonia) and also can be considered an alternative for those with stable pulmonary or disseminated coccidioidomycosis (nonmeningeal).⁴⁴¹

For treatment of coccidioidal meningitis in HIV-infected adults, adolescents, or children or for other individuals, fluconazole (with or without intrathecal amphotericin B) is considered the regimen of choice.^{146 426 440 441} Consultation with an expert is recommended.^{146 440 441}

In HIV-infected adults and adolescents who live in areas where coccidioidomycosis is endemic, CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend primary prophylaxis against coccidioidomycosis† in those who have positive IgM or IgG serologic tests and CD4⁺ T-cell counts <250/mm³ since these individuals may be at increased risk for development of active infections.⁴⁴⁰ Oral fluconazole or oral itraconazole should be used for primary prophylaxis against coccidioidomycosis in these HIV-infected adults and adolescents.⁴⁴⁰ Primary prophylaxis against coccidioidomycosis is not recommended in HIV-infected infants and children.⁴⁴¹

HIV-infected adults, adolescents, or children who have been adequately treated for coccidioidomycosis should receive long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis) to prevent recurrence or relapse†.^{440 441} CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend oral fluconazole or oral itraconazole for secondary prophylaxis of coccidioidomycosis in HIV-infected individuals.^{440 441}

Long-term (life-long) suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis)† with oral fluconazole or oral itraconazole also is necessary in any individual treated for coccidioidal meningitis.^{146 426 465}

Cryptococcosis

Treatment of meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans.^{1 28 29 30 31 32 33 93 118 146 303 304 305 306 310 311 427 436 440 441} Also used for treatment of pulmonary cryptococcosis†, cryptococcemia†, and disseminated cryptococcal infections†.^{57 135 136 309 427}

For treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected adults, adolescents, and children, CDC, NIH, IDSA, and others state that the preferred regimen is initial (induction) therapy with IV amphotericin B (conventional formulation) given in conjunction with oral flucytosine for at least 2 weeks until there is evidence of clinical improvement and negative CSF culture after repeat lumbar puncture, then follow-up (consolidation) therapy with oral fluconazole administered for at least 8 weeks.^{146 427 436 440 441} A lipid formulation of amphotericin B (e.g., amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B liposomal) could be substituted for conventional amphotericin B in this preferred regimen in patients who have or are predisposed to renal dysfunction.^{427 440 441}

Alternative regimens for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected adults, adolescents, and children who cannot receive the preferred regimen are induction and consolidation therapy with conventional IV amphotericin B or a lipid formulation of IV amphotericin B (e.g., amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B liposomal) given for 4–6 weeks; induction therapy with conventional IV amphotericin B given in conjunction with oral fluconazole for at least 2 weeks until there is evidence of clinical improvement and negative CSF culture after repeat lumbar puncture, then consolidation therapy with oral fluconazole administered for at least 8 weeks;^{146 427 440 441} induction and consolidation therapy with oral or IV fluconazole used in conjunction with oral flucytosine for 4–6 weeks;^{146 427 440 441} or induction and consolidation therapy with oral fluconazole given for 10–12 weeks.⁴²⁷ These alternative regimens may be less effective and are recommended only in patients who cannot tolerate or have not responded to the preferred regimen.^{427 440 441}

For treatment of cryptococcal CNS infections in organ transplant recipients, IDSA recommends induction therapy with IV amphotericin B liposomal or amphotericin B lipid complex given in conjunction with oral flucytosine for at least 2 weeks, then consolidation therapy with oral fluconazole given for 8 weeks.⁴²⁷ If induction regimen does not include flucytosine, continue for at least 4–6 weeks.⁴²⁷ For organ transplant recipients with mild to moderate pulmonary cryptococcosis (without diffuse pulmonary infiltrates) or with other mild to moderate cryptococcal infections not involving the CNS, IDSA recommends fluconazole given for 6–12 months.⁴²⁷

In adults and children who do not have HIV infection and are not transplant recipients, the preferred regimen for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis is induction therapy with IV amphotericin B (conventional formulation) given in conjunction with oral flucytosine for at least 4 weeks (a 2-week induction period can be considered in those who are immunocompetent, are without uncontrolled underlying disease, and are at low risk for therapeutic failure), then consolidation therapy with oral fluconazole administered for an additional 8 weeks or longer.⁴²⁷ IDSA states that data are insufficient to date to recommend fluconazole used alone or in conjunction with flucytosine for induction therapy in non-HIV-infected individuals.⁴²⁷

For treatment of mild to moderate pulmonary cryptococcosis (nonmeningeal) in immunocompetent or immunosuppressed adults or children, IDSA states that the regimen of choice is oral fluconazole given for 6–12 months.⁴²⁷ A regimen of oral fluconazole given for 6–12 months also can be considered for treatment of nonmeningeal, nonpulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent individuals if the infection occurs at a single site and fungemia is not present.⁴²⁷ Severe pulmonary infections, cryptococcemia, and disseminated infections in immunocompetent or immunosuppressed individuals should be treated using regimens recommended for cryptococcal meningitis.⁴²⁷

HIV-infected adults, adolescents, and children who have been adequately treated for cryptococcal meningitis should receive long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis) to prevent recurrence or relapse†.^{427 440 441} CDC, NIH, and IDSA recommend oral fluconazole as the drug of choice for secondary prophylaxis of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected individuals;^{427 440 441} oral itraconazole is considered an alternative in those who cannot tolerate fluconazole, but may be less effective than fluconazole.^{427 440 441} Conventional IV amphotericin B can be used for secondary prophylaxis if necessary in individuals who cannot receive azole antifungals, but is less effective and not generally recommended.⁴²⁷

Long-term suppressive or maintenance therapy (secondary prophylaxis)† with oral fluconazole also recommended in non-HIV-infected adults and children who have been adequately treated for cryptococcal meningitis, including organ transplant recipients who have been adequately treated for CNS cryptococcosis.⁴²⁷

Although data are limited, IDSA states that recommendations for treatment of CNS, pulmonary, or disseminated infections caused by Cryptococcus gattii and recommendations for secondary prophylaxis of C. gattii infections are the same as recommendations for C. neoformans infections.⁴²⁷ IDSA states that single, small cryptococcoma may be treated with oral fluconazole; induction therapy with a regimen of amphotericin B (conventional formulation) and flucytosine given for 4–6 weeks, followed by consolidation therapy with fluconazole given for 6–18 months, should be considered for very large or multiple cryptococcomas caused by C. gattii.⁴²⁷ Regimens that include amphotericin B (conventional or liposomal formulations), flucytosine, and fluconazole have been effective in a few patients with CNS infections known to be caused by C. gattii.^{450 451 480} Consider that there is some in vitro evidence that fluconazole may be less active against C. gattii than some other azole antifungals (e.g., itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole).^{449 450} (See Actions and Spectrum.)

Histoplasmosis

Treatment of histoplasmosis† caused by Histoplasma capsulatum.^{312 313 315 436} Considered an alternative, not a drug of first choice.^{315 316 428 436}

IV amphotericin B and oral itraconazole are the drugs of choice for treatment of histoplasmosis.^{146 315 316 428 436 440 441} Fluconazole is considered an alternative,^{315 316 428 436} but generally should be used only in patients who cannot tolerate the drugs of choice.⁴³⁶ Fluconazole has been used successfully in some patients, but may be less effective than itraconazole; fluconazole-resistant H. capsulatum have developed in some HIV-infected patients who failed to respond to the drug.⁴²⁸

Sporotrichosis

Treatment of lymphocutaneous and cutaneous sporotrichosis† caused by Sporothrix schenckii.^{146 429 436} Considered an alternative, not a drug of first choice.^{146 429 436}

IV amphotericin B is the drug of choice for initial treatment of severe, life-threatening sporotrichosis and whenever sporotrichosis is disseminated or has CNS involvement.^{146 429 436} Oral itraconazole is the drug of choice for treatment of cutaneous, lymphocutaneous, or mild pulmonary or osteoarticular sporotrichosis and for follow-up treatment of severe infections after a response has been obtained with IV amphotericin B.^{146 429 436}

Although fluconazole can be used as an alternative for treatment of cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis,^{429 436} it may be less effective than itraconazole^{146 429} and should be used only if patient cannot tolerate itraconazole or other alternatives (oral terbinafine, oral potassium iodide, local hyperthermia).⁴²⁹

Do not use for treatment of pulmonary, osteoarticular, or meningeal sporotrichosis.⁴²⁹

Dermatophytoses

Treatment of certain dermatophytoses† (e.g., tinea capitis,^{146 375 376 377 379 454 477 478} tinea corporis,^{146 373 374 378 478} tinea cruris,^{373 374 378 478} tinea pedis^{146 374 436 478} ) caused by Epidermophyton, Microsporum, or Trichophyton.

Tinea corporis and tinea cruris generally can be effectively treated using a topical antifungal; an oral antifungal may be necessary if the disease is extensive, dermatophyte folliculitis is present, the infection does not respond to topical therapy, or the patient is immunocompromised or has a coexisting disease.^{146 380 381 382 383 384 386 478} Tinea capitis and tinea barbae generally are treated using an oral antifungal.^{146 372 381 385 387 478}

While topical antifungals usually are effective for treatment of uncomplicated tinea manuum and tinea pedis,^{146 381 382 384 386 419 478} an oral antifungal usually is necessary for treatment of severe, chronic, or recalcitrant tinea pedis and for treatment of chronic moccasin-type (dry-type) tinea pedis.^{381 384 386 419 478}

Onychomycosis

Treatment of onychomycosis of toenails† or fingernails.^{140 176 417 420 421 436 455 458 476 479}

Drug of choice for treatment of onychomycosis usually is oral terbinafine or oral itraconazole.^{436 455 456 457 458 477 478} Oral fluconazole is an alternative, especially in those who cannot tolerate the drugs of choice,^{436 455 458} but may be less effective.^{140 176 420 421 455 477 479} Concomitant use of oral and topical antifungals may be more effective in some patients.^{458 477 478 479}

Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor

Oral fluconazole has been used in the treatment of pityriasis (tinea) versicolor† caused by Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare or P. ovale).^{146 459 460 461 462 477 478}

Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor generally can be treated topically with an azole antifungal (e.g., clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, oxiconazole, sulconazole), an allylamine antifungal (e.g., naftifine, terbinafine), ciclopirox olamine, or certain other topical therapies (e.g., selenium sulfide 2.5%).^{146 459 463} An oral antifungal (e.g., fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole) may be indicated, with or without a topical agent, in patients who have extensive or severe infections or who fail to respond to or have frequent relapses with topical therapy.^{459 460 463 477 478}

Prevention of Fungal Infections in Transplant Recipients, Cancer Patients, or Other Patients at High Risk

Prevention of Candida infections in patients at high risk, including those undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)†, or solid organ transplantation† and neutropenic patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy†.^{1 110 124 157 158 159 160 161 179 184 186}

Viccillin S

Viccillin S may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Viccillin S

Ampicillin

Ampicillin is reported as an ingredient of Viccillin S in the following countries:

• Japan

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin sodium salt (a derivative of Cloxacillin) is reported as an ingredient of Viccillin S in the following countries:

• Japan

International Drug Name Search

Tasmacyclin Akne

Tasmacyclin Akne may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Tasmacyclin Akne

Doxycycline

Doxycycline monohydrate (a derivative of Doxycycline) is reported as an ingredient of Tasmacyclin Akne in the following countries:

• Switzerland

International Drug Name Search

Acide undécylénique

Acide undécylénique may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Acide undécylénique

Undecylenic Acid

Acide undécylénique (DCF) is known as Undecylenic Acid in the US.

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

DCF	Dénomination Commune Française

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Eucalytux

Eucalytux may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Eucalytux

Codeine

Codeine monohydrate (a derivative of Codeine) is reported as an ingredient of Eucalytux in the following countries:

• Belgium

Sulfogaiacol

Sulfogaiacol is reported as an ingredient of Eucalytux in the following countries:

• Belgium

International Drug Name Search

P Guard

P Guard may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for P Guard

Morphine

Morphine sulphate pentahydrate (a derivative of Morphine) is reported as an ingredient of P Guard in the following countries:

• Japan

International Drug Name Search

Gabexate

Scheme

Rec.INN

CAS registry number (Chemical Abstracts Service)

0039492-01-8

Chemical Formula

C16-H23-N3-O4

Molecular Weight

321

Therapeutic Category

Enzyme inhibitor, protease

Chemical Name

Benzoic acid, 4-[[6-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-1-oxohexyl]oxy]-, ethyl ester

Foreign Names

• Gabexatum (Latin)
• Gabexat (German)
• Gabexate (French)
• Gabexato (Spanish)

Generic Names

• Gabexate Mesilate (OS: JAN)
• Gabexate methanesulfonate (IS)
• Gabexate Mesilate (PH: JP XIV)

Brand Names

• Agalit
  Nichi-Iko PharmaceuticalJMA, Japan



• Arodate
  Sawai Seiyaku, Japan



• Efovamin
  Santen, Japan



• Foy
  CCPC, Taiwan; Lepetit, Italy; Ono Yakuhin, Japan



• Gabesato mesilato IBI
  IBI, Italy



• Mechuroseito
  Isei, Japan



• Megacert
  Wakamoto, Japan



• Panabate
  Yell YakuhinYale, Japan



• Probitor
  Nichi-Iko PharmaceuticalJMA, Japan



• Reminaron
  Takata Seiyaku, Japan



• Sokusidon
  Nagase Iyakuhin, Japan

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

IS	Inofficial Synonym
JAN	Japanese Accepted Name
OS	Official Synonym
PH	Pharmacopoeia Name
Rec.INN	Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Quinapril PCH

Quinapril PCH may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Quinapril PCH

Quinapril

Quinapril hydrochloride (a derivative of Quinapril) is reported as an ingredient of Quinapril PCH in the following countries:

• Netherlands

International Drug Name Search

Dacistéine

Dacistéine may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dacistéine

Dacisteine

Dacistéine (DCF) is also known as Dacisteine (Rec.INN)

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

DCF	Dénomination Commune Française
Rec.INN	Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Chloramphenicol Hovid

Chloramphenicol Hovid may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Chloramphenicol Hovid

Chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol is reported as an ingredient of Chloramphenicol Hovid in the following countries:

• Singapore

International Drug Name Search

Dantazol

Dantazol may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dantazol

Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole is reported as an ingredient of Dantazol in the following countries:

• Ethiopia

International Drug Name Search

Cipla-Nevirapine

Cipla-Nevirapine may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Cipla-Nevirapine

Nevirapine

Nevirapine is reported as an ingredient of Cipla-Nevirapine in the following countries:

• South Africa

International Drug Name Search

Baclofen

Pronunciation: BAK-loe-fen
Generic Name: Baclofen
Brand Name: Examples include Lioresal and Gablofen

Do not suddenly stop taking Baclofen. Sudden withdrawal may cause serious and possibly life-threatening side effects, including high fever; confusion; changes in mental status; and muscle stiffness and spasms that, in rare cases, have progressed to serious muscle problems, multiple organ failure, and death. If you experience any of the symptoms listed above, seek immediate medical attention. It is important to ensure that this drug is not stopped suddenly by learning how to properly use the pump, refilling the pump on time, and being aware of the pump alarms and what to do if the pump alarm goes off. This is especially important for certain patients who are at greater risk (eg, spinal cord injuries at T-6 or above, communication difficulties, history of withdrawal symptoms from either oral or intrathecal baclofen). Keep your scheduled refill visits and talk with your health care provider about early withdrawal symptoms.

Baclofen is used for:

Treating severe muscle spasms due to a variety of causes, including brain or spinal cord injuries.

Baclofen is a muscle relaxant and antispastic agent. It reduces the frequency and severity of muscle spasms that occur as a result of neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis.

Do NOT use Baclofen if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Baclofen

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Baclofen:

Some medical conditions may interact with Baclofen. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have kidney problems or are very confused


• if you have a history of a certain nervous system problem (autonomic dysreflexia) or mood or mental problems (eg, schizophrenia)

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Baclofen. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Epidural morphine because shortness of breath and a significant decrease in blood pressure may occur

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Baclofen may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Baclofen:

Use Baclofen as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Baclofen is administered into the spinal canal as an injection or through an implantable infusion pump at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic. Discuss any questions or concerns with your doctor.


• Do not use Baclofen if it contains particles, is cloudy or discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged.


• Keep this product, as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children and pets. Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Ask your health care provider how to dispose of these materials after use. Follow all local rules for disposal.


• If you miss a dose of Baclofen, contact your doctor right away.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Baclofen.

Important safety information:

• Baclofen may cause dizziness or drowsiness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Baclofen with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.


• Check with your doctor before you drink alcohol or use medicines that may cause drowsiness (eg, sleep aids, muscle relaxers) while you are using Baclofen; it may add to their effects. Ask your pharmacist if you have questions about which medicines may cause drowsiness.


• Do not suddenly stop using Baclofen. Your doctor can tell you the best way to slowly reduce the dose.


• If you are using a pump to receive Baclofen, always keep your scheduled refill visits. If you miss an appointment, contact your doctor right away to reschedule before you run out of medicine.


• Pumps should only be refilled by trained and qualified personnel in order to prevent potentially life-threatening overdose. Discuss any questions or concerns with your doctor.


• Baclofen should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 4 years old; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.


• PREGNANCY AND BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Baclofen while you are pregnant. It is not known if Baclofen is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Baclofen, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

If you suddenly stop taking Baclofen, you may experience WITHDRAWAL symptoms, including high fever; confusion; changes in mental status; and severe increase in muscle stiffness and spasms that, in rare cases, has progressed to muscle destruction (causing dark colored urine and muscle weakness, aching, and tenderness), multiple organ failure, and death. If you experience any of the above symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.

Possible side effects of Baclofen:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Back pain; constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; headache; increased salivation; muscle weakness; nausea; vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); abnormal thoughts or movements; burning, numbness, or tingling; chest pain; confusion; decreased urination or inability to urinate; eye or vision problems (eg, double vision, lazy eye); fainting; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; fever or chills; hallucinations; loss of muscle tone; mental or mood problems (eg, agitation, anxiety, depression); new or worsening muscle stiffness or spasms; pain; one-sided weakness; seizures; severe or persistent dizziness or headache; shortness of breath; slow or shallow breathing; speech problems (eg, slurred speech); swelling of the hands, ankles, or feet; tremor; unusual tiredness or weakness.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Baclofen side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include coma; dizziness; drowsiness; lightheadedness; loss of consciousness; loss of muscle tone; seizures; slow or shallow breathing.

Proper storage of Baclofen:

Baclofen is usually handled and stored by a health care provider. If you are using Baclofen at home, store Baclofen as directed by your pharmacist or health care provider. Keep Baclofen out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Baclofen, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Baclofen is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Baclofen. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Baclofen resources

• Baclofen Side Effects (in more detail)
• Baclofen Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Baclofen Drug Interactions
• Baclofen Support Group
• 62 Reviews for Baclofen - Add your own review/rating

• Baclofen Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Baclofen Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Baclofen Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• baclofen Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Gablofen Consumer Overview


• Gablofen Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Gablofen Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Lioresal Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Lioresal Intrathecal Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare Baclofen with other medications

• Alcohol Withdrawal
• Cerebral Spasticity
• Cervical Dystonia
• Dystonia
• Hiccups
• Huntington's Disease
• Migraine Prevention
• Muscle Spasm
• Muscle Twitching
• Neuralgia
• Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
• Spasticity
• Trigeminal Neuralgia